MUHIMMAN BAYANAI AKAN COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Program: Jeri ne na umarni wanda CPU ke aiwatar dashi. Za'a iya bayyana program a matsayin jerin umarni wanda aka tsara, wanda idan aka aiwatar dashi yakan sanya kwamfuta tayi abin da ake so tayi. Haka zalika computer program jerin umarni ne masu nasaba da juna waɗanda ke baiwa kwamfuta umarnin yadda zata cim ma takamaiman aiki.
Wannan dalilin yasa ba tare da program ba kwamfuta ba zata iya aiwatar da komai da komai b
Programming: shine aikin rubuta code ko yin aiki domin rubuta computer program.
Programmer: shine wanda yake rubuta code ko jerin umarni ga kwamfuta yayin programming.
Code (source code): kalma ce wadda ake amfani da ita don bayyana rubutu wanda computer programmer yake rubuta shi ta amfani da dokoki da ƙa'idoji na wani programming language.
Coding: wannan shine yin rubutu ko rubuta code.
Computer language: shine yaren da kwamfuta take amfani da shi domin fahimtar aikin da aka umarce ta tayi.
Programming Language: shine yaren da ake amfani da shi yayin rubuta computer program. Bugu da kari Programming Language yare ne na wucin gadi wanda za a iya amfani da shi domin sarrafa halayen na'ura musamman kwamfuta. Haka kuma programming language hanya ce wacce programmer ke amfani dashi domin sadarwa tare da kwamfuta domin warware nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban.
Ta yaya ake tsammanin ɗan adam zai iya sadarwa tare da kwamfuta? Kwamfuta ba zata iya fahimtar kowane irin umurni da za a bayar a English ko Hausa ko a wani taren ɗan adam ba. Tana da nata jerin umarnin da ake amfani dasu domin sadarwa, wato abinda ake kira Computer Language, ma'ana yaren kwamfuta. Dole ne mai
amfani da kwamfuta ya iya sadarwa tare da ita. Wannan yana nufin, dole ne ya kasance zai iya bawa kwamfuta umarni kuma ya fahimci abubuwan da kwamfutar ke samarwa. Hakan na yiwuwa ne sakamakon kirkirar Computer Languages. Asali, akwai manyan nau’ika biyu na Computer Language, waɗanda sune:
1. Low Level Language
2. High Level Language
1.Low Level Languages
Low level languages sune yaruka ko umarnin komfuta na asali waɗanda aka fi sani da machine codes. Kwamfuta ba za ta iya fahimtar duk wani umarnin da mai amfani da ita ya bata a cikin Turanci, Hausa ko wani yare na daban ba. Waɗannan low level languages suna da sauƙin fahimta ga kowane na'urori ko machines. Babban aikin low level languages shine yin hulɗa da computer hardware. Bayan haka suna taimakawa cikin aiki, daidaitawa da sarrafa duk system components na kwamfuta da
hardware.
Machine Language: Wannan shine generation na farko daga cikin low level languages. Da farko an ƙirƙiro shi ne domin yin ma'amala da kwamfutocin ƙarni na farko(wato first generation computers). Bayan haka kuma ana rubuta shi a cikin abin da ake cewa binary code ko machine code, wanda gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi lambobi biyu
kawai - 0 da 1.
Assembly Language: Wannan shine generation na biyu na programming language. Assembly Language wani ci gaba ne akan machine language, inda maimakon amfani da lambobi kawai, ana iya haɗawa da kalmomin English, da kuma symbols. bugu da kari wannan computer language ne mafi mahimmanci ga kowane processor.
2.High Level Language
Lokacin da muke magana game da high level languages, waɗannan programming languages ne. Wasu mashahuran misalan su sune PASCAL, FORTRAN, C ++ da dai sauransu. Babban mahimmin fasali game da irin waɗannan high level languages shine bawa programmer damar ya rubuta program ga kowane irin kwamfutoci da kowane irin system. Amma kuma duk wani umarni a cikin high level language ana fara canza shi ne zuwa machine language kafin kwamfutar ta iya fahimta.
Scripting Languages: Scripting languages ko kuma scripts, programming languages ne masu muhimmanci. Waɗannan suna amfani da babban matakin gini wanda ke da damar fassarawa da aiwatar da umarni ɗaya a lokaci guda. Scripting languages
suna da sauƙin koyo da aiwatarwa fiye da compiled languages. Misalan su sune AppleScript, JavaScript, Pearl da dai sauransu.
Object-Oriented Languages: Waɗannan su ne high level languages da ke mai da hankali kan 'abubuwa(object)' maimakon 'ayyuka(function)'. Domin cimma wannan, za a mai da hankali ne kan bayanai fiye da manufa. Dalilin kuwa shine cewa programmers suna kulawa da object wanda suke so su sarrafa maimakon tunanin da ake buƙata don sarrafa su. Misalan su sun haɗa da Java, C+, C++, Python, Swift
da dai sauransu.
Procedural Programming Language: Wannan nau'ikan programming languages ne waɗanda ke da tsari mai kyau da kuma tsari mai rikitarwa a cikin programming yayin tsara cikakken program. Yana da systematic order function da umarni don kammala aiki ko program. Misalan su shine FORTRAN, ALGOL, BASIC, COBOL da sauransu.
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